Throughout history, one of the primary tools of carrying out war, whether of aggression or in self-defense, has been a draft or forced conscription of various kinds. In the U.S., the draft originated under Abraham Lincoln in a war that most believe was necessary and just, as was the case during World War Two in the global fight against fascism. However, when first introduced during the Civil War, there were violent riots against the draft, which then and often afterwards was seen as tilted in favor of those economically better off being more likely to be able to avoid conscription. The Selective Service System initiated in 1917 corrected some of the most obvious aspects of economic privilege and instituted the option of conscientious objection, but problems persisted in these areas. Toward the end of the divisive Vietnam War, the draft was abandoned in the U.S. in favor of a voluntary and better-compensated armed forces. There has been and continues to be forced conscription around the world, even of children, which violates international law. During the Vietnam War, while the draft still existed in the United States, the option of conscientious objection existed (as it had since World War One), either in unwillingness to kill in combat, but willingness to participate in other ways, or unwillingness to participate in the military at all in supporting the war effort. However, in practice, the majority who opposed the war could not qualify under their objection that the war was “unjust”, even though determining whether or not a war is just is essential to both public support and moral guidance in most religions and philosophies. The last time a military draft was unquestionably successful was during World War Two, when the huge majority of combatants and the public were unified on the necessity of war. Although there were still approximately forty thousand conscientious objectors, there were approximately ten million draftees, while six million more enlisted. National and even international unity related to the global war on terror was clear in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, and in principle may still be, but specific policies, strategies and what constitutes necessary areas of conflict are controversial and the nature of the situation appears uniquely complex. Global conflict in various ways may go on for many years to come related to terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, genocide, and the grinding changes from nationalism to globalism, underpinned by billions of people on the planet not having access to basic necessities or basic human rights, all coming to an historical apex. Various prominent liberal and conservative voices have in recent times called for an expansion of an overstretched U.S. armed forces, regardless of varying positions on current conflicts the U.S. is involved in, as necessary for global stability and national security. This would involve substantial additional cost, and talk of reviving a draft in some form, although not seemingly likely at this point, has occurred. In 1975, President Gerald Ford suspended compulsory draft registration. In 1980 President Jimmy Carter reinstituted it. Therefore, while there is no current draft, the potential to implement it is in place, if authorized by Congress. The human rights issue has been increasingly raised regarding whether it can ever be tolerable to force someone to kill for any reason, or to serve in any capacity in the armed forces supporting such an effort, unless the individual is willing. Some have noted that national service for a short period, with alternatives including the military, would be one option to pursue. Whether or not you would support or oppose a military draft under various circumstances, do you believe that conscientious objection, whether an unwillingness to serve in some or any capacity in the military, should be an unquestioned human right world-wide, not subject to the review or decisions of others, and that if, or wherever there is a draft, national service options other than military service should be available by choice?